• Extensively revised and updated all chapters, in line with recommendations of CBME and subject requirement. • Important points have been threaded throughout the text in yellow boxes, reemphasizing the core concepts. • Selected advanced learning concepts are highlighted in blue boxes or enclosed in numbered boxes for postgraduate students and inquisitive undergraduates. • Nearly all figures have been modified or redrawn to make reading soothing for better retention. • Inclusion of new questions at the end of book for self-assessment of the topics studied. • Clinical cases along with case discussions – important pillar of the CBME are presented for problem-based learning and knowledge.